Dynamic range, measured in decibels, is the gap between the quietest whisper and the loudest crash in a recording. Higher DR means more dynamics — the music breathes, swells, and retreats as intended by the musicians. Low DR means the recording has been compressed flat: every note at roughly the same loudness, no matter what the performers played.
The Loudness War
Since the 1990s record labels have compressed masters to make them sound louder on the radio. The side effect is tragic: music is drained of dynamics, musical information is lost, and listener fatigue arrives after half an album. Many legendary records have been ruined in later “remasters” for this reason.